BAKTERIYALARNING ANTIBIOTIKLARGA CHIDAMLILIGI RIVOJLANISH MEXANIZMI
Keywords:
Antibiotiklar, antimikrob rezistentlik, bakterial chidamlilik, mutatsiya, gorizontal gen uzatilishi, kon’yugatsiya, transduktsiya, transformatsiya, efflyuks nasoslari, antibiotik inaktivatsiyasi, maqsad modifikatsiyasi, biofilm, patogen mikroorganizmlarAbstract
Ushbu maqolada bakteriyalarning antibiotiklarga chidamliligi (antimikrob rezistentlik — AMR) shakllanishi va rivojlanishining asosiy molekulyar mexanizmlari tahlil qilinadi. Antibiotiklarning keng va nazoratsiz qo‘llanilishi natijasida mikroorganizmlarda rezistentlikka olib keluvchi genetik o‘zgarishlar tez sur'atlarda yuz bermoqda. Tadqiqotda chidamlilikning asosiy yo‘llari — genetik mutatsiyalar, rezistentlik genlarining gorizontal gen uzatilishi (kon’yugatsiya, transduktsiya, transformatsiya) orqali tarqalishi, antibiotiklarni inaktivatsiya qiluvchi fermentlar hosil bo‘lishi, maqsad molekulalarining modifikatsiyasi, efflyuks nasoslari orqali antibiotikni hujayradan chiqarib yuborish hamda biofilm hosil bo‘lishi kabi jarayonlar yoritiladi. Shuningdek, antibiotiklarga chidamli patogenlarning klinik va epidemiologik ahamiyati, ularni nazorat qilish strategiyalari va yangi antimikrob yondashuvlar muhokama qilinadi. Maqola AMRning global sog‘liq uchun xavf darajasi va uni cheklashda ilmiy tadqiqotlarning ustuvor yo‘nalishlarini ko‘rsatib beradi.
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