AUTOMATION OF THE PRODUCTION PROCESS OF CONSTRUCTION SANDWICH PANELS (PANEL CUTTING PROCESS)
Keywords:
The manufacturing of sandwich panels is a critical process in modern construction, offering lightweight, thermally efficient, and structurally strong building materials. Among the various stages of production, the cutting process significantly influences the dimensional accuracy, surface quality, and overall performance of the panels. This paper provides a theoretical overview of the cutting techniques employed in sandwich panel manufacturing, including mechanical shearing, CNC-controlled cutting, water jet, and laser cutting methods. The advantages and limitations of each technique are analyzed with respect to material integrity and production efficiency. Furthermore, key parameters affecting cut quality, such as blade sharpness, feed rate, and panel clamping, are discussed. Understanding these factors is essential for optimizing the cutting process, minimizing defects, and ensuring high-quality panel production suitable for advanced construction applications.Abstract
As a result of the widespread use of sandwich panels in the modern construction industry, each stage of their production process requires high accuracy and productivity. In particular, the stage of cutting panels is an important component of the entire technological process. At this stage, the accuracy of cutting, the level of smoothness and the uniformity of geometric dimensions directly affect the quality of the final product. In traditional methods, these works are usually carried out manually or using semi-automatic machines, which increases labor costs, increases the likelihood of errors and reduces the level of safety. It is for this reason that full automation of the cutting process has become a relevant direction in today's industry[4]. Several technological solutions can be implemented to automate the cutting process. First of all, these are automatic cutting machines based on CNC (computer numerical control), which accurately cut sandwich panels to the required length and shape based on a pre-prepared program. CNC systems are controlled by high-precision servo or stepper motors, position sensors and an operator interface. In them, the cutting speed, knife movement and panel position are set by the program. Such systems provide continuous, repeatable, accurate and safe operation. The second important aspect is the organization of overall control of the cutting line using a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) system. The PLC controls the conveyor motors, knife movement, sensors and actuators based on a single algorithm. The necessary parameters are entered into this system through a touch-sensitive HMI (Human Machine Interface) panel - for example, panel length, number of cuts, speed and other similar settings. In this case, the operator adjusts the system and monitors the process in a way that eliminates human error. Sensors - optical, infrared or ultrasonic sensors - play an important role in ensuring cutting accuracy. They detect the exact position of the panel on the conveyor, after which the cutting actuator is activated at the specified point. These actuators can operate pneumatically or electromechanically[5].
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