SIGNIFICANCE OF MICROCLIMATE PARAMETERS FOR PREMATURE NEONATES: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Keywords:
Preterm neonates, microclimate, thermoregulation, humidity, air quality, lighting, noise, incubators, neurodevelopment, survival rate.Abstract
Preterm neonates born before 37 weeks of gestation are highly vulnerable due to immaturity of physiological systems, which makes microclimate parameters such as temperature, humidity, air quality, light and noise critical for their survival and development. This review analyses the effects of these factors on thermoregulation, skin condition, respiratory function and neurodevelopment, highlighting the risks of hypothermia, dehydration and sensory overload when they are disturbed. Methods for monitoring and regulating the microclimate using incubators, servo-control systems, and principles of gradual adaptation are discussed. An optimal microclimate improves survival, reduces the incidence of long-term complications such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia and retinopathy of prematurity, and supports natural growth processes. It concludes by emphasising the need for precise parameter control and the prospects for further research, including individualisation of approaches and improvements in technology. The article is addressed to specialists in neonatology, paediatrics and intensive care nurses.
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