ORAL TRICHOMONAS
Keywords:
Trichomonas vaginalis ; trichomoniasis; sexually transmitted infection; women’s health; vaginitis.Abstract
Approximately 20% of the U.S. population has a sexually transmitted infection (STI) at any given time. Incidence rates of trichomoniasis, chlamydia, syphilis, and genital herpes have continually increased each year between 2010-2019.1 Trichomoniasis, caused by the parasitic pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis , is the most common nonviral STI.2 Unlike other common STIs such as chlamydia and gonorrhea, T. vaginalis is not a nationally reportable disease in the U.S.3, thus epidemiological data related to T. vaginalis are from population and clinic-based studies. According to recent estimates, over 1 million people in the U.S. are infected with T. vaginalis each year.4 Many individuals infected with T. vaginalis remain asymptomatic, facilitating its transmission.5 Additionally, almost 75% of male sexual partners of infected women can also be infected, demonstrating a high transmission rate.6 T. vaginalis is associated with multiple adverse sexual and reproductive health outcomes in both women and men including increased rates of adverse birth outcomes (low birth weight, preterm birth, pre-labor rupture of membranes), as well as increased risk of acquisition of HIV and other STIs, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility, and cervical cancer.7–15 The most common clinical presentation among those with symptoms is vaginitis in women and urethritis in men.
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References
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Trichomoniasis.Olivia T. Van Gerwen, MD, MPH1, Skye A. Opsteen2, Keonte J. Graves, MS1, Christina A. Muzny, MD, MSPH1 1Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA2Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
