EFFECTS OF CARCINOGENIC SUBSTANCES ON THE HUMAN BODY
Keywords:
Biological carcinogens, cancer, Carcinogens, Chemical carcinogens, Genetic apparatus, Genotoxic carcinogens, Non-genotoxic carcinogens, Physical carcinogens, Tumor development.Abstract
Cancer is a multifaceted disease primarily driven by carcinogens, which are agents that significantly increase the likelihood of developing malignant tumors. These carcinogens can be classified based on their origin—chemical, physical, and biological—and their mode of action, which includes both genotoxic and non-genotoxic mechanisms. Chemical carcinogens, responsible for up to 80-90% of malignancies, can induce cancer through direct DNA damage or by creating an environment conducive to tumor development. Physical carcinogens, such as ionizing radiation and inert fibers, cause cancer through physical disruption of molecular structures. Biological carcinogens, including certain viruses, bacteria, and parasitic worms, contribute to cancer through biological interactions with the host. The mechanisms of carcinogenesis involve complex interactions at the genetic and cellular levels, including DNA mutations and disruption of cellular processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing preventative and therapeutic strategies against cancer.
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