METHODS FOR DEVELOPING INDEPENDENT THINKING SKILLS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Keywords:
Independent thinking, Primary education, Critical thinking, Creative learning, Inquiry-based learning, Student autonomy, Problem-solving, Metacognition,Pedagogical methods, Self-directed learningAbstract
The paper explores various methods for developing independent thinking skills in primary school students. It emphasizes the importance of fostering critical thinking, creativity, and self-directed learning from an early age. The study examines theoretical foundations, such as constructivist and sociocultural approaches, and offers practical strategies including inquiry-based learning, project work, reflective writing, and metacognitive techniques. The role of the teacher, classroom environment, and assessment methods are also discussed. The paper concludes that systematic support and appropriate pedagogical approaches can effectively nurture independent thinking in young learners.
Downloads
References
. Brookfield, S. D. (2012). Teaching for Critical Thinking: Tools and Techniques to Help Students Question Their Assumptions. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Costa, A. L., & Kallick, B. (2008). Learning and Leading with Habits of Mind: 16 Essential Characteristics for Success.Alexandria, VA: ASCD.
Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2014). *The Miniature Guide to Critical Thinking: Concepts and Tools.* Foundation for Critical Thinking.
Marzano, R. J., Pickering, D. J., & Pollock, J. E. (2001). Classroom Instruction That Works: Research-Based Strategies for Increasing Student Achievement. Alexandria, VA: ASCD.
Lipman, M. (2003). Thinking in Education. Cambridge University Press.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). *Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes.* Harvard University Press.
Piaget, J. (1973). *o Understand Is to Invent: The Future of Education. Grossman Publishers.
Fisher, R. (2005). *Teaching Children to Think. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes.
Jurayev Mirzamo’min o’g, M. (2025). REVMATIZM KASALLIGINI DAVOLASHNING YANGICHA USLUBLARI. Новости образования: исследование в XXI веке, 3(31), 572-575.
