ENSURING FAMILY HEALTH IN THE PREVENTION OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY
Keywords:
Intellectual disability, genetic factors, prenatal prevention, perinatal risks, postnatal factors, Down syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, birth complications, maternal infections, fetal alcohol syndrome, child developmentAbstract
This article discusses the role of family health in preventing intellectual disability. The main causes of intellectual disability are linked to genetic, prenatal (during pregnancy), perinatal (during childbirth) and postnatal (after birth) factors. Genetic disorders such as Down syndrome and Fragile X syndrome, maternal infections during pregnancy (rubella, cytomegalovirus) and exposure to harmful substances like alcohol and toxins can contribute to developmental impairments. Premature birth, oxygen deprivation during childbirth, head injuries and inadequate upbringing are also considered risk factors. Preventive measures include genetic counseling, prenatal screening, vaccinations, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and providing a safe and stimulating environment for child development.Downloads
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