THE IMPACT OF BACTERIAL INFECTIONS ON THE COURSE OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly among older adults and individuals with a history of smoking. Characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation, COPD is a progressive condition encompassing a range of pathophysiological changes, including chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and small airway disease. According to the Global Burden of Disease study, COPD ranks third among the leading causes of death globally, with exacerbations significantly contributing to disease progression and healthcare costs.