GENETIC MUTATIONS AND THEIR ROLE IN CANCER DEVELOPMENT
Keywords:
Genetic mutation, oncogene, tumor suppressor gene, carcinogenesis, DNA repair, genome instability, precision oncology, apoptosis, somatic mutation.Abstract
Genetic mutations are central to the initiation and progression of cancer. These mutations alter the normal regulatory mechanisms of cellular growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, leading to uncontrolled proliferation and tumor formation. This article investigates the types of genetic mutations associated with cancer, their molecular mechanisms, and their impact on oncogenesis. A comprehensive analysis is presented of both somatic and germline mutations, with particular attention to tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, and DNA repair pathways. Furthermore, the study explores diagnostic and therapeutic implications of genetic mutations in modern oncology, emphasizing the role of precision medicine in detecting and targeting specific mutational profiles.
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