FRANCIS GLADWIN, ONE OF THE EARLIEST ENGLISH TRANSLATORS OF SAADI’S «GULISTAN»
Keywords:
Francis Gladwin, Saadi Shirazi, «Gulistan», Persian literature, translation, English language, cultural exchange, East and West, Orientalism, translation studies, literary heritage.Abstract
This article explores the contribution of Francis Gladwin, one of the earliest English translators of «Gulistan» by Saadi Shirazi. It provides historical context for the translation and discusses the cultural and literary significance of «Gulistan» in Persian literature and its influence on Western literary traditions. Particular attention is given to Gladwin’s background his proficiency in Persian, Arabic, and Urdu, his service in the East India Company, and his role in the Asiatic Society of Bengal. The article examines Gladwin’s translation strategies, his efforts to preserve the stylistic and moral essence of Saadi’s prose, and his impact on cross-cultural understanding between the East and the West. The paper also reviews other early European translations of «Gulistan» into French, German, Latin, and Dutch, highlighting the widespread reception of Saadi’s work in world literature.
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References
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