TASHQI MUHITNI OG‘IR METALLAR BILAN IFLOSLANISHIDA ODAM ORGANIZMIGA TA’SIRINI EKOLOGIK JIHATLARI
Keywords:
Sanoati korxonalari, qishloq xo‘jaligi, og‘ir metallar, og‘ir metallarning akkumulyatsiyalanish jarayoni, metallarning toksikligi, og‘ir metallarning tarqalish manbalari, vanadiy, xrom, marganets, temir, kobalt, nikel, mis, rux, molibden, kadmiy, qalay, simob, qo‘rg‘oshin, vismut.Abstract
Ifloslantiruvchi moddalarning keng guruhini tavsiflovchi og‘ir metallar atamasi yaqin vaqtlarda keng muhokama etila boshladi. Turli ilmiy va amaliy ishlarda mualliflar bu tushunchaning ma’nosini turlicha izohlaydilar. Shu o‘rinda aytish mumkinki, og‘ir metallar guruhiga mansub elementlarning qatori ham o‘zgarib turadi. Ushbu guruhga kiruvchi kimyoviy elementlarni aniqlash mezonlari sifatida ko‘plab xususiyatlar hisobga olinadi: atom massasi, zichlik, toksiklik, tabiiy muhitda tarqalishi, tabiiy va texnogen tsikllarda ishtirok etish darajasi. Ba’zi hollarda og‘ir metallar ta’rifiga mo‘rt elementlar (masalan, vismut) yoki metalloidlar (masalan, mishyak) kiradi. Atrof-muhitning ifloslanishi va atrof-muhit monitoringi muammolariga bag‘ishlangan ishlarda bugungi kunda D.I.Mendeleyev jadvalidagi 40 dan ortiq metallari ya’ni, atom massasi 50 atom birlikdan ortiq: V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd, Sn, Hg, Pb, Bi va boshqalar kiradi [9]. Shu bilan birga, og‘ir metallni tasniflashda quyidagi shartlar muhim rol o‘ynaydi: ularning nisbatan past konsentratsiyalarda tirik organizmlarga yuqori toksikligi, shuningdek, bioakkumulyatsiya qobiliyatidir.
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References
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