PRINCIPLES AND REQUIREMENTS FOR DEVELOPING AUGMENTED REALITY (AR)-BASED EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES: TYPES OF AR AND CORE DESIGN PRINCIPLES
Keywords:
augmented reality, AR in education, marker-based AR, markerless AR, pedagogical design principles, content localization, Unity, Vuforia, adaptive learning, Uzbekistan digital education transformationAbstract
The paper establishes a comprehensive, pedagogically grounded framework for designing and developing augmented reality (AR)-based educational resources specifically tailored to the technological and cultural realities of Uzbekistan and similar emerging education systems. Four primary AR technology types are classified (marker-based, markerless/SLAM-based, projection-based, and superimposition AR), with marker-based and markerless implementations via Unity + Vuforia or AR Foundation identified as the most feasible and scalable options given Uzbekistan’s current infrastructure (>97 % smartphone penetration among youth aged 15–30, predominantly mid-range Android devices).
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