THE ROLE OF GUT MICROBIOTA IN HUMAN IMMUNE SYSTEM MODULATION
Keywords:
Gut microbiota; immune modulation; dysbiosis; probiotics; innate immunity; adaptive immunity; microbiome therapy; host defense; intestinal homeostasis.Abstract
The human gut microbiota—comprising trillions of microorganisms including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses—plays a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis and protecting the host from pathogenic invasion. Recent studies have revealed that the gut microbiome acts as a dynamic interface between the environment and the immune system, influencing both innate and adaptive immunity. Dysbiosis, or microbial imbalance, has been linked to autoimmune disorders, allergies, inflammatory bowel disease, and even neuroimmune conditions such as multiple sclerosis. This paper explores the mechanisms by which gut microbiota regulate immune responses, the implications of microbiome alterations on disease development, and potential therapeutic interventions aimed at restoring microbial balance through probiotics, prebiotics, and microbiota transplantation.
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