FORMATIVE AND SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT: TRENDS AND PRACTICES IN EDUCATION

Abstract

At the primary education level, there are multiple perspectives on the purpose and implementation of assessment. Effective integration of formative and summative assessments creates practical and real dilemmas for educators, as they are tasked with both supporting student learning and confirming achievement. Formative assessment occurs throughout a course or lesson, aiming to improve student learning through strategies tailored to individual needs. In contrast, summative assessment provides a cumulative judgment of student achievement against learning goals and relevant national standards over a defined period.