COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN PIMPINELLA ANISUM L. (ANISE) GROWN UNDER VARIOUS CULTIVATION CONDITIONS.
Keywords:
Pimpinella anisum L., anethole, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, cultivation conditions, GC-MS, antioxidant activity, essential oil, secondary metabolitesAbstract
Pimpinella anisum L. (anise) is a medicinal and aromatic plant from the Apiaceae family, known for its rich content of bioactive compounds such as anethole, estragole, limonene, α-pinene, flavonoids, and phenolic substances. These constituents have significant therapeutic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, making anise valuable for pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic applications. The present study aimed to investigate and compare the bioactive compound profile of anise grown under three cultivation environments: open field, greenhouse, and semi-covered (plastic-sheltered) conditions. During the 2024 growing season in the Tashkent region, mature seed samples were collected and analyzed. Essential oil components were identified via Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), total phenolics were measured using the Folin–Ciocalteu method, and total flavonoids were determined using the aluminum chloride colorimetric assay. The results showed that open-field cultivation yielded the highest anethole concentration (73.6%), while greenhouse-grown plants contained more limonene and estragole. The semi-covered environment enhanced total phenolic content, suggesting stronger antioxidant capacity. Greenhouse conditions also promoted higher flavonoid accumulation, likely due to controlled temperature and humidity. These findings highlight that cultivation environment has a significant impact on the biosynthesis of both volatile and non-volatile bioactive compounds. Therefore, growing strategies can be adapted to maximize specific phytochemicals depending on the desired application.
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