MIYA METABOLIZMI
Keywords:
Miya metabolizmi, glyukoza metabolizmi, mitoxondrial funksiyalar, neyrodegenerativ kasalliklar, gipoglikemiya, oksidlovchi stress, keton jismlari, energetik metabolizm, nevrologik kasalliklar, metabolik disfunksiya.Abstract
Miya metabolizmi inson tanasining eng murakkab va energetik jihatdan talabchan tizimlaridan biri bo‘lib, uning asosiy substrati glyukoza hisoblanadi. Glyukozaning qon-miya to‘sig‘idan maxsus transport oqsillari orqali hujayralarga kirib, glikoliz, mitoxondrial oksidlanish va pentozofosfat yo‘li kabi biokimyoviy jarayonlar orqali energiyaga aylanishi miyaning normal faoliyati uchun zarurdir. Astrositlar va neyronlar o‘rtasidagi laktat shuttle mexanizmi miyaning metabolik plastisitetini ta’minlab, energiya ta’minotida muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Bundan tashqari, keton jismlari ochlik yoki ketogenik dieta sharoitida muqobil energiya manbai sifatida faol ishlatiladi. Miya metabolizmining buzilishi gipoglikemiya, mitoxondrial disfunksiya, oksidlovchi stress, neyrodegenerativ kasalliklar (Altsgeymer, Parkinson), epilepsiya va boshqa ko‘plab patologik holatlarning rivojlanishiga sabab bo‘ladi. Ushbu maqolada miya metabolizmining asosiy biokimyoviy yo‘llari, substratlari, shuningdek, uning kasalliklardagi roli va klinik ahamiyati batafsil tahlil qilinadi. Mazkur tahlillar zamonaviy nevrobiologiya va tibbiyotda miya energiyasining muhimligini yanada chuqurroq anglashga hamda kasalliklarni oldini olish va davolashda yangi yondashuvlarni ishlab chiqishga yordam beradi.
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